Результаты (
английский) 1:
[копия]Скопировано!
,,, paces behind me, irritated. Have you seen my keys? He snarls and stomps from the room with our dog, Dixie, at his heels. LN the past I would have turned off the faucet and joined the hunt while trying to soothe. But that only made him angrier, and a simple case of missing keys soon would become a full-blown drama starring the two of us and our poor nervous dog. Now, I focus on the wet dish in my hands. I don't turn around. And don't say a word. I'm using a technique I learned from a dolphin trainer.2 For a book I was writing about a school for exotic animal trainers, and started spending my days watching students do the seemingly impossible: teaching hyenas to pirouette on command and chimps is a skateboard. And listened, rapt, as professional trainers explained how they taught dolphins to flip and elephants to paint. Eventually it hit me that the same techniques might work on that stubborn but lovable species, the American husband. The central lesson I learned is that I should reward behavior I like and ignore behavior I don't. After all, you don't get a sea lion to balance a ball on the end of its nose by nagging. The same goes for the American husband.3 and began thanking you if he threw one defy shirt into the hamper. LF he threw in nruo, l'd kiss him. I was using what trainers call 'approximations, rewarding the small steps toward learning a whole new behavior. You can't expect a baboon to learn to flip on command in one session, just as you can't expend an American husband to begin regularly picking up his defy socks by praising him once for picking up a single sock. With the baboon you first reward a hop, then a bigger hop, then an even bigger hop. With the husband, and began to praise every small act every time: if he drove just a mile an hour slower, tossed one pair of shorts into the hamper, or was on time for anything.4 On a field trip with the students, and listened to a professional trainer describe how he had taught African crested cranes to stop landing on his head and shoulders. He did this by training the leggy birds that land on mats on the ground. This, he explained, is what is called an incompatible behavior. A simple but brilliant concept. Rather than teach the cranes to stop landing on him, the trainer taught the birds something else. a behavior that would make the undesirable behavior impossible. The birds couldn't alight on the mats and his head simultaneously. At home, and came up with incompatible behaviors for this keep him from crowding me while I cooked. And piled up parsley for him to chop or cheese for him is a grate at the other end of the kitchen island. Soon l'd done it: no more hovering around me while I cooked.5 and followed the students to SeaWorld San Diego, where a dolphin trainer introduced me to least reinforcing scenario (1. R. S.). When a dolphin does something wrong the trainer doesn't respond in any way. He stands still for a few beats, careful not to look at the dolphin, and then returns to work. The idea is that any response, positive or negative, fuels a behavior. LF a behavior provokes no response, it typically dies away. lt was only a matter of time before he was again searching for his keys, at which point I said nothing and kept at what I was doing. lt took a lot of discipline to maintain my calm, but the results were immediate. I felt as if I should throw him a mackerel.6 Professionals talk of animals that understand training so well they eventually use it back on the trainer. My animal did the same. When the training techniques worked so beautifully. Could not resist telling what I was up to. He wasn't offended, just amused. Then last fall, firmly in middle age, I learned that I needed braces. They were not only humiliating, but also excruciating. One morning, as I launched into yet another tirade about how uncomfortable I was, just looked at me blankly. He didn't say a word or acknowledge my rant in any way, not even with a nod. And started to walk away, then I realized what was happening, and I turned and asked, Are you giving me an L. R. S. Silence. You are, aren't you? He finally smiled, but his L. R. S. has already done the trick. He'd begun to train me, the American wife.
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